Which concept involves using substances to reduce the number of germs on surfaces?

The concept of sanitation involves using substances to reduce the number of germs on surfaces, making them safer and more hygienic. This process is critical in nail technology and other personal care practices, as it minimizes the risk of spreading infections or diseases. Sanitation often includes the use of soap, water, and sometimes chemical agents that are effective in reducing microorganisms to levels that are considered safe.

In contrast, cleaning typically refers to the removal of dirt and debris, which may not necessarily reduce germs to a safe level. Disinfection, while it does involve the use of substances to kill germs, goes a step further than sanitation by intending to destroy or inactivate most microorganisms. Sterilization is the most thorough level of germ control, as it eliminates all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores. Each of these processes serves a specific purpose in maintaining hygiene and safety in various environments, including nail salons.