What can cause a plicatured nail?

A plicatured nail, often referred to as a "folded nail," results from damage to the nail matrix, which is the area responsible for nail growth. When the matrix is injured, it can lead to abnormal nail formation, causing the nail to grow in a curved or folded manner. This condition can occur due to trauma, such as catching the nail on something or consistent pressure over an extended period.

In contrast, while infections, allergic reactions, and excessive moisture exposure can lead to various nail conditions, they do not specifically cause the structural changes associated with a plicatured nail. For instance, an infection in the nail bed might result in discoloration or separation of the nail but does not directly alter the nail's shape in the way that matrix injury does. Similarly, allergic reactions may lead to irritation or inflammation but typically do not result in a plicatured appearance. Excessive moisture exposure might soften the nails and lead to other issues like brittleness but wouldn't create the folding characteristic of a plicatured nail. Thus, injury to the matrix is the key factor in the development of this particular nail condition.